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"The right to health is a fundamental constitutional right directly enforceable via tutela. The State must guarantee access to healthcare services without economic barriers for vulnerable populations."
This holding restructured the entire Colombian health system. By treating health as directly enforceable (rather than merely programmatic), the Court opened the door to structural judicial orders that direct executive-branch reforms — a posture that has been criticized and praised in equal measure. Subsequent rulings have extended this doctrine to healthcare access for marginalized populations and mental health parity.